Modelo prático para treinamento de anastomose microvascular / Practical training model for microvascular anastomosis", "_e": "n

A técnica de anastomose microcirúrgica é desafiadora e requer treinamento extenso, dedicação e tempo. Os autores descrevem um modelo de treinamento acessível, prático e fácil, que utiliza retalho abdominal proveniente de abdominoplastias. O calibre dos vasos epigástricos superficiais encontrados nos retalhos abdominais excisados variou de 1,2 mm a 2 mm, dependendo do índice de massa corporal da paciente no pré-operatório. Esse retalho permitiu o treinamento de anastomoses microcirúrgicas em vasos de diferentes calibres. Esses vasos permaneciam com pequena quantidade de sangue em seu lúmen, o que permitia testar a qualidade e a patência das anastomoses. Esse modelo de treinamento em vasos abdominais humanos, quando comparado aos modelos animais ou inanimados, permite transição mais rápida e real aos pacientes. A prática de dissecção e de anastomoses terminoterminais e terminolaterais de uma maneira efetiva e prática aperfeiçoa a destreza cirúrgica.

The microsurgical anastomosis technique is practically challenging and requires extensive training, dedication, and time for inexperienced surgeons to perfect. In the present report, we describe an accessible, practical, and simple training model, which involves the use of an abdominal flap obtained from abdominoplasties. The caliber of the superficial epigastric vessels found in the excised abdominal flaps ranged from 1.2 mm to 2.0 mm, depending on the preoperative body mass index of the patient. This flap facilitated the training of microsurgical anastomosis in blood vessels with different calibers. These vessels had a small amount of remnant blood within the lumen, which enabled the testing of the quality and patency of the anastomosis. This training model involving human abdominal vessels allows for a quicker transition to actual operative situations, compared to the use of animal or inanimate models. Moreover, effective practice of dissection and end-to-end and end-to-side anastomoses using our model helps in the development of skill and surgical dexterity.

Efeito da estreptoquinase e alopurinol em um modelo de reimplante de membro após isquemia quente: Estudo experimental em ratos / Streptoquinase and allopurinol effect in a limb replantation model after warm ischemia: experimental study in mice

A isquemia prolongada leva a alterações na microcirculação tecidual e à liberação de radicais livres do oxigênio, conhecidos como fenômeno de não reperfusão. Foi testado o efeito da administração de alupurinol e de estreptoquinase, em um modelo experimental, de reimplante de membro após isquemia quente em ratos. Foi realizada a amputação, com preservação de vasos e nervos do membro posterior direito, em 110 ratos. Os grupos GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4 e GM5 foram submetidos a isquemia quente de 0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 horas. As taxas de viabilidade dos membros isquêmicos, após 7 dias de avaliação, foram 100, 80, 63,6, 50 e 20, respectivamente. Os grupos GE1, GE2 e GE3 foram tratados com estreptoquinase, alopurinol e com estreptoquinase e alopurinol combinados, após isquemia de 6 horas. As taxas de viabilidade foram 66,7, 70 e 70, respectivamente. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente, pelo teste do Qui-quadrado, e considerados significantes quando p< 0,05. Os grupos GM1, GM2, GM3, GM4 e GM5 foram diferentes entre si, exceto os grupos GM3 e GM4. GE1, GE2 e GE3 resultaram em uma viabilidade de mem bros maior que GM4, mas não em relação ao GM3. Os resultados sugerem um aumento da viabilidade de membros isquêmicos, após 6 horas e utilização do alopurinol e estreptoquinase. A utilização do alopurinol combinado com estreptoquinase não apre- sentou efeito sinérgico.

Prolonged ischemia leads to alterations in the microcirculation and oxygen free radicals production, event called no reflow phenomenon. It was tested the effectiveness of estreptoquinase and allopurinol in a new limb replantation model after warm ischemia. Amputation with preservation of vessels and nerves of the right hind limb was proceeded in 110 rats. The model groups MG1, MG2, MG3, MG4 and MG5 were submitted to 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours of warm ischemia. The viability limb rates in each model group after 7 days of evaluation were 100, 80, 63, 6, 50, 20. The experimental groups EG1, EG2 and EG3 were treated with streptoquinase, allopurinol and both drugs after 6 hours of ischemia. Limb viability rates were 66.7, 70 and 70. Results were submitted to Q-square statistical analysis and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. MG1, MG2, MG3, MG4 and MG5 were statistically different except for MG3 and MG4. EG1 had a better limb viability rate than MG4, but not than MG3. EG2 had a better result than MG4, but not than MG2 and MG3. EG3 had a better limb viability rate than MG4, but not than MG2 and MG3. The results suggest that the administration of allopurinol and streptoquinase after 6 hours of warm ischemia may be helpful to improve limb salvage. Administration of streptoquinase and allopurinol combined did not result a synergic effect.

Tissue expander complications in plastic surgery: a 10-year experience

INTRODUCTION: Tissue expanders have been of great value in plastic surgery. Tissue expansion was developed for a specific indication; however, within a very short time, the concept of tissue expansion found wide applicability. From 1990 to 1999, 315 expanders in 164 patients were utilized. A retrospective analysis of complications and prognostic factors for complications were done. METHODS: The indications for tissue expansion were burns (50 percent), trauma (32 percent), and sequelae of previous surgery (8.8 percent). The expanders were inserted most frequently in the scalp, trunk and neck. RESULTS: There were 22.2 percent of complications and the most common were expander exposure (50 percent), infection (24 percent) and bad function of the expander (12.8 percent). The present study revealed an increased rate of minor complications in the group of 0 to 10 years of age and an increased rate of major complications for face and neck expansions compared to trunk expansion. There were no increased complication rates for the other age and anatomic site groups, previous expansion, concomitant expansion and type of expander used. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes from tissue expansion procedures done in our hospital are similar to those reported in the literature. Tissue expansion is a good and safe technique